"cladistics" meaning in All languages combined

See cladistics on Wiktionary

Noun [English]

IPA: /kləˈdɪs.tɪks/ [UK]
Etymology: Etymology tree English clade Proto-Indo-European *-id- Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-idyéti Proto-Hellenic *-íd͏̌d͏̌ō Ancient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō) Proto-Hellenic *-tās Ancient Greek -τής (-tḗs) Ancient Greek -ῐστής (-ĭstḗs)bor. Latin -istader. Old French -istebor. Middle English -ist English -ist Proto-Indo-European *-ikos Proto-Italic *-ikos Latin -icuslbor. Old French -iquebor. Middle English -ik English -ic English -istic English cladistics From clade + -istic, from Ancient Greek κλάδος (kládos, “branch”). Etymology templates: {{ety|en|:af|clade|-istic|nodot=1|text=+|tree=1}} Etymology tree English clade Proto-Indo-European *-id- Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-idyéti Proto-Hellenic *-íd͏̌d͏̌ō Ancient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō) Proto-Hellenic *-tās Ancient Greek -τής (-tḗs) Ancient Greek -ῐστής (-ĭstḗs)bor. Latin -istader. Old French -istebor. Middle English -ist English -ist Proto-Indo-European *-ikos Proto-Italic *-ikos Latin -icuslbor. Old French -iquebor. Middle English -ik English -ic English -istic English cladistics [Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from", "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "keyword_abbrev" : "der.", "keyword_label" : "Derived from", "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "keyword_abbrev" : "bor.", "keyword_label" : "Borrowed from", "terms" : [ { "id" : "agent nouns", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "verbal", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-id-", "status" : "missing", "lang" : "ine-pro" }, { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-yéti", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-idyéti", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Hellenic", "term" : "*-íďďō", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "grk-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Ancient Greek", "term" : "-ῐ́ζω", "lang" : "grc" }, { "id" : "agent nouns", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "agent nouns", "children" : [ ], "status" : "redlink", "lang_name" : "Proto-Hellenic", "term" : "*-tās", "lang" : "grk-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Ancient Greek", "term" : "-τής", "lang" : "grc" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Ancient Greek", "term" : "-ῐστής", "lang" : "grc" } ], "keyword" : "bor" } ], "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "-ista", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "la" } ], "keyword" : "derived" } ], "lang_name" : "Old French", "term" : "-iste", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "fro" } ], "keyword" : "bor" } ], "lang_name" : "Middle English", "term" : "-ist", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "enm" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "English", "term" : "-ist", "lang" : "en" }, { "id" : "adjectival suffix", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "adjectival suffix", "children" : [ { "keyword_abbrev" : "bor.", "keyword_label" : "Borrowed from", "terms" : [ { "id" : "adjectival suffix", "children" : [ { "keyword_abbrev" : "lbor.", "keyword_label" : "Learned borrowing from", "terms" : [ { "id" : "adjectival suffix", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "-ic", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-ikos", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Italic", "term" : "*-ikos", "lang" : "itc-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "-icus", "lang" : "la" } ], "keyword" : "lbor" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Old French", "term" : "-ique", "lang" : "fro" } ], "keyword" : "bor" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Middle English", "term" : "-ik", "lang" : "enm" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "English", "term" : "-ic", "lang" : "en" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "lang_name" : "English", "term" : "-istic", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "en" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang_name" : "English", "term" : "cladistics", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "en" }" data-lang="en" data-title="cladistics"> From clade + -istic, {{derived|en|grc|κλάδος||branch}} Ancient Greek κλάδος (kládos, “branch”) Head templates: {{en-noun|-}} cladistics (uncountable)
  1. (systematics) An approach to biological systematics in which organisms are grouped based upon synapomorphies (shared derived characteristics) only, and not upon symplesiomorphies (shared ancestral characteristics); a method of classifying organisms based on their evolutionary relationships instead of superficial characteristics. Tags: uncountable Derived forms: astrocladistics, patrocladistics Related terms: clade, cladistic, phenetics, phylogenetic Translations (Translations): cladística [feminine] (Catalan), 支序分類學 /支序分类学 (zhīxùfēnlèixué) (Chinese Mandarin), cladistique [feminine] (French), Kladistik [feminine] (German), κλαδιστική (kladistikí) [feminine] (Greek), 분지학 (bunjihak) (alt: 分枝學) (Korean)
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          "ref": "1991, Warren W. Burggren, William E. Bemis, “Physiological Evolution: Paradigms and Pitfalls”, in Matthew H. Nitecki, Doris V. Nitecki, editors, Evolutionary Innovations, page 210:",
          "text": "Here we suggest emphasis on the techniques of cladistics (Eldredge and Cracraft 1980; Wiley 1981; Coddington 1988) because they provide a clear means of organizing phylogenetic information in branching diagrams.",
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          "text": "The construction of branching patterns to map evolutionary change is called cladistics, and the devising of higher classifications (genus and up) to conform with the results of cladistics is called phylogenetic systematics.[…]Cladistics does allow us to judge which species are most likely to share a common ancestor, validating their placement in the same genus or family or higher taxon.",
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      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nEnglish clade\nProto-Indo-European *-id-\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-idyéti\nProto-Hellenic *-íd͏̌d͏̌ō\nAncient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō)\nProto-Hellenic *-tās\nAncient Greek -τής (-tḗs)\nAncient Greek -ῐστής (-ĭstḗs)bor.\nLatin -istader.\nOld French -istebor.\nMiddle English -ist\nEnglish -ist\nProto-Indo-European *-ikos\nProto-Italic *-ikos\nLatin -icuslbor.\nOld French -iquebor.\nMiddle English -ik\nEnglish -ic\nEnglish -istic\nEnglish cladistics\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agent nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"verbal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-id-\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-idyéti\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*-íďďō\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ῐ́ζω\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" }, { \"id\" : \"agent nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agent nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"redlink\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*-tās\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-τής\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ῐστής\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ista\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-iste\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-ist\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ist\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"id\" : \"adjectival suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectival suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectival suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"lbor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Learned borrowing from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectival suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"-ic\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-ikos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ikos\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-icus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-ique\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-ik\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ic\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-istic\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"cladistics\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"cladistics\">\nFrom clade + -istic",
      "name": "ety"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "grc",
        "3": "κλάδος",
        "4": "",
        "5": "branch"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek κλάδος (kládos, “branch”)",
      "name": "derived"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nEnglish clade\nProto-Indo-European *-id-\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-idyéti\nProto-Hellenic *-íd͏̌d͏̌ō\nAncient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō)\nProto-Hellenic *-tās\nAncient Greek -τής (-tḗs)\nAncient Greek -ῐστής (-ĭstḗs)bor.\nLatin -istader.\nOld French -istebor.\nMiddle English -ist\nEnglish -ist\nProto-Indo-European *-ikos\nProto-Italic *-ikos\nLatin -icuslbor.\nOld French -iquebor.\nMiddle English -ik\nEnglish -ic\nEnglish -istic\nEnglish cladistics\nFrom clade + -istic, from Ancient Greek κλάδος (kládos, “branch”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "cladistics (uncountable)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "clade"
    },
    {
      "word": "cladistic"
    },
    {
      "word": "phenetics"
    },
    {
      "word": "phylogenetic"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English entries referencing missing etymons",
        "English entries with etymology texts",
        "English entries with etymology trees",
        "English entries with etymon",
        "English entries with incorrect language header",
        "English lemmas",
        "English nouns",
        "English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
        "English terms suffixed with -istic",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English uncountable nouns",
        "Entries with translation boxes",
        "Pages using etymon with no ID",
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Pages with etymology trees",
        "Pages with etymon",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned",
        "Terms with Catalan translations",
        "Terms with French translations",
        "Terms with German translations",
        "Terms with Greek translations",
        "Terms with Korean translations",
        "Terms with Mandarin translations",
        "Translation table header lacks gloss",
        "en:Taxonomy"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              46,
              56
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1991, Warren W. Burggren, William E. Bemis, “Physiological Evolution: Paradigms and Pitfalls”, in Matthew H. Nitecki, Doris V. Nitecki, editors, Evolutionary Innovations, page 210:",
          "text": "Here we suggest emphasis on the techniques of cladistics (Eldredge and Cracraft 1980; Wiley 1981; Coddington 1988) because they provide a clear means of organizing phylogenetic information in branching diagrams.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              76,
              86
            ],
            [
              177,
              187
            ],
            [
              226,
              236
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1992, Edward O. Wilson, The Diversity of Life, page 153:",
          "text": "The construction of branching patterns to map evolutionary change is called cladistics, and the devising of higher classifications (genus and up) to conform with the results of cladistics is called phylogenetic systematics.[…]Cladistics does allow us to judge which species are most likely to share a common ancestor, validating their placement in the same genus or family or higher taxon.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "text": "2001, Clare Bates Congdon, Gaphyl: A Genetic Algorithms Approach to Cladistics, Luc de Raedt, Arno Siebes (editors), Principles of Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery: 5th European Conference PKDD 2001, Volume 5, Springer, LNAI 2168, page 67,\nThis research investigates the use of genetic algorithms to solve problems from cladistics — a technique used by biologists to hypothesize the relationships between organisms."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "An approach to biological systematics in which organisms are grouped based upon synapomorphies (shared derived characteristics) only, and not upon symplesiomorphies (shared ancestral characteristics); a method of classifying organisms based on their evolutionary relationships instead of superficial characteristics."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "systematics",
          "systematics"
        ],
        [
          "systematics",
          "systematics"
        ],
        [
          "synapomorphies",
          "synapomorphy"
        ],
        [
          "derived",
          "derived"
        ],
        [
          "symplesiomorphies",
          "symplesiomorphy"
        ],
        [
          "superficial",
          "superficial"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "systematics",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(systematics) An approach to biological systematics in which organisms are grouped based upon synapomorphies (shared derived characteristics) only, and not upon symplesiomorphies (shared ancestral characteristics); a method of classifying organisms based on their evolutionary relationships instead of superficial characteristics."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kləˈdɪs.tɪks/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "lang_code": "ca",
      "sense": "Translations",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "cladística"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "lang_code": "cmn",
      "roman": "zhīxùfēnlèixué",
      "sense": "Translations",
      "word": "支序分類學 /支序分类学"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "lang_code": "fr",
      "sense": "Translations",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "cladistique"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "sense": "Translations",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Kladistik"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "lang_code": "el",
      "roman": "kladistikí",
      "sense": "Translations",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "κλαδιστική"
    },
    {
      "alt": "分枝學",
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "lang_code": "ko",
      "roman": "bunjihak",
      "sense": "Translations",
      "word": "분지학"
    }
  ],
  "word": "cladistics"
}

Download raw JSONL data for cladistics meaning in All languages combined (10.0kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.